ALFRED NOBEL
Alfred Bernhard Nobel (October 21, 1833 –December 10, 1896) was a Swedish chemist and millionaire, who invented dynamite and established almost 100 arms factories.
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| Alfred Nobel |
His father was Immanuel Nobel, the inventor of plywood.
The Nobel Prizes came about when a brother of Nobel died and a French newspaper mistakenly printed Alfred's obituary under the headline: "The merchant of death is dead." Desperate to leave a positive legacy, he decided to bequeath his fortune to establish the Nobel Prizes.
Nobel signed his last will and testament, setting aside the bulk of his estate to establish the Nobel Prize after his death on November 27, 1895.
Nobel's will instituted the prizes in Chemistry, Literature, Peace, Physics, and Physiology or Medicine. In 1968, Sweden's central bank added a prize for Economics in memory of Nobel.
All the prizes are awarded in Sweden, except the Peace Prize, which is announced in Norway because of a request in Nobel's will.
No more than three recipients may share a Nobel Prize.
The first Nobel Prizes were awarded on December 10, 1901.
U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on December 10, 1906 for his role in mediating the end of the Russo-Japanese War, which had been raging since 1904. Roosevelt's efforts to bring the two warring nations to the negotiating table were instrumental in bringing about a peaceful settlement, and his work was recognized by the Nobel Committee with the prestigious award. This made Roosevelt the first American to ever win a Nobel Prize.
The first black Nobel Peace Prize winner was Ralph J. Bunche, who won in 1950 for his mediation efforts in Palestine.
Saint Lucia has won more Nobel prizes per head of population than any other country.
Lawrence Bragg won the prize for physics in 1915 at the age of 25, the youngest-ever winner.
Linus Pauling (chemistry and peace) and Marie Curie (chemistry and physics) are the only winners of two Nobel Prizes in different disciplines. Pauling is the only person to have won two unshared Nobel Prizes: the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954 and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962.
THE NOBEL PRIZE
Nobel's will instituted the prizes in Chemistry, Literature, Peace, Physics, and Physiology or Medicine. In 1968, Sweden's central bank added a prize for Economics in memory of Nobel.
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| A golden medallion with an embossed image of Alfred Nobel facing left in profile Wikipedia |
All the prizes are awarded in Sweden, except the Peace Prize, which is announced in Norway because of a request in Nobel's will.
No more than three recipients may share a Nobel Prize.
FIRSTS
The first Nobel Prizes were awarded on December 10, 1901.
U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on December 10, 1906 for his role in mediating the end of the Russo-Japanese War, which had been raging since 1904. Roosevelt's efforts to bring the two warring nations to the negotiating table were instrumental in bringing about a peaceful settlement, and his work was recognized by the Nobel Committee with the prestigious award. This made Roosevelt the first American to ever win a Nobel Prize.
The first black Nobel Peace Prize winner was Ralph J. Bunche, who won in 1950 for his mediation efforts in Palestine.
RECORDS
Saint Lucia has won more Nobel prizes per head of population than any other country.
Lawrence Bragg won the prize for physics in 1915 at the age of 25, the youngest-ever winner.
Linus Pauling (chemistry and peace) and Marie Curie (chemistry and physics) are the only winners of two Nobel Prizes in different disciplines. Pauling is the only person to have won two unshared Nobel Prizes: the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954 and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962.
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| Marie Curie, one of four people who have received the Nobel Prize twice |
John Bardeen (physics) and Frederick Sanger (chemistry) each won two Nobels in the same discipline.
The Nobel Peace Prize can not be awarded to a dead person.
Mahatma Gandhi was nominated for the peace prize several times but never won. The Nobel Committee declined to award a prize in 1948, the year of Gandhi's death, on the grounds that "there was no suitable living candidate." The Nobel committee has said this is the 'greatest omission' in its history.
Although the Scots comprise less than one-half of 1 percent of the world's population, 11 percent of all Nobel prizes have been awarded to Scotsmen.
Jews are only about 0.2% of the worlds population but account for about 20% of Nobel Laureates.
William Faulkner's screenplay for Ernest Hemingway's 1944 novel To Have and Have Not marks the only time in film history that two Nobel Prize-winning authors were associated with the same motion picture.
Eight Nobel Prize winners had birthdays on February 28. No other date has as many.
The singer Olivia Newton-John's grandfather Max Born won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1954.
Eugene Paul "E. P." Wigner was a Hungarian American theoretical physicist and mathematician. He received half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles." On hearing of being awarded the Nobel Prize, Wigner confessed that he had "never expected to get my name in the newspapers without doing something wicked."
FUN FACTS
The Nobel Peace Prize can not be awarded to a dead person.
Mahatma Gandhi was nominated for the peace prize several times but never won. The Nobel Committee declined to award a prize in 1948, the year of Gandhi's death, on the grounds that "there was no suitable living candidate." The Nobel committee has said this is the 'greatest omission' in its history.
Although the Scots comprise less than one-half of 1 percent of the world's population, 11 percent of all Nobel prizes have been awarded to Scotsmen.
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| Table at the 2005 Nobel Banquet in Stockholm. By Hansbaer - Wikipedia |
Jews are only about 0.2% of the worlds population but account for about 20% of Nobel Laureates.
William Faulkner's screenplay for Ernest Hemingway's 1944 novel To Have and Have Not marks the only time in film history that two Nobel Prize-winning authors were associated with the same motion picture.
Eight Nobel Prize winners had birthdays on February 28. No other date has as many.
The singer Olivia Newton-John's grandfather Max Born won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1954.
Eugene Paul "E. P." Wigner was a Hungarian American theoretical physicist and mathematician. He received half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles." On hearing of being awarded the Nobel Prize, Wigner confessed that he had "never expected to get my name in the newspapers without doing something wicked."
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