A stock exchange is a place where people meet to buy and sell securities, such as shares of stock and bonds and other financial instruments. Some stock exchanges are real places (like the New York Stock Exchange), others are virtual places (like the NASDAQ).
In the early 1600s the Dutch East India Company (VOC) became the first public company in history to issue bonds and shares of stock to the general public. The VOC paid annual dividends worth of over 16 percent of the value of the shares from 1602 to 1650.
The Amsterdam Stock Exchange was the world's first official (formal) stock exchange when in 1602 it began trading the VOC's freely transferable securities, including bonds and shares of stock.
The London Stock exchange traces its roots to 1698, when John Castaing began listing stock and commodity prices at Jonathan's coffee house in the city.
The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) was founded on May 17, 1792. It was established by 24 brokers who gathered under a buttonwood tree on Wall Street in New York City and signed the Buttonwood Agreement. This agreement established the rules and regulations for trading securities among the participating brokers, laying the foundation for what would become the NYSE.
The London Stock exchange evolved throughout the 18th century and in 1801, it began inviting members to join on a formal subscription basis and thus became the first regulated exchange in London.
In the 19th century much of the dealing on the London Stock exchange was confirmed by a handshake, and a trader's promise was as good as a contract. When the exchange received its coat of arms in 1923, its motto was Dictum Meum Pactum, meaning "my word is my bond." This premise continues today.
In the early 1600s the Dutch East India Company (VOC) became the first public company in history to issue bonds and shares of stock to the general public. The VOC paid annual dividends worth of over 16 percent of the value of the shares from 1602 to 1650.
The Amsterdam Stock Exchange was the world's first official (formal) stock exchange when in 1602 it began trading the VOC's freely transferable securities, including bonds and shares of stock.
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| A 17th-century engraving depicting the Amsterdam Stock Exchange |
The London Stock exchange traces its roots to 1698, when John Castaing began listing stock and commodity prices at Jonathan's coffee house in the city.
The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) was founded on May 17, 1792. It was established by 24 brokers who gathered under a buttonwood tree on Wall Street in New York City and signed the Buttonwood Agreement. This agreement established the rules and regulations for trading securities among the participating brokers, laying the foundation for what would become the NYSE.
The London Stock exchange evolved throughout the 18th century and in 1801, it began inviting members to join on a formal subscription basis and thus became the first regulated exchange in London.
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| London Stock Exchange in 1810 |
In the 19th century much of the dealing on the London Stock exchange was confirmed by a handshake, and a trader's promise was as good as a contract. When the exchange received its coat of arms in 1923, its motto was Dictum Meum Pactum, meaning "my word is my bond." This premise continues today.
The Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) is the world's leading exchange for mining and petrochemical companies, with over 550 companies listed. It was established on October 25, 1861, and is now the third-largest stock exchange in North America by market capitalization.
The TSX is home to some of the world's largest and most successful mining and petrochemical companies, including Barrick Gold, Teck Resources, First Quantum Minerals, and Canadian Natural Resources. The exchange also plays an important role in supporting the growth and development of smaller and emerging companies in the sector.
Karl Marx earned £400 from trading on the London Stock Exchange in 1854. He was inspired to try his hand at financial speculation after hearing about the profits that German socialist Ferdinand Lassalle was making on the stock market. Marx invested in a number of companies, including the East India Company and the Bank of England. He also made some short-term trades, hoping to profit from market fluctuations.
Marx's stock market investments were not always successful. He lost money on some of his trades, and he was even accused of insider trading. However, he also made some significant profits, and he eventually withdrew from the market with a net profit of £400.
Marx's stock market investments were a financial success, but they were also a source of controversy. Some critics accused him of hypocrisy, arguing that he could not be a true socialist while also making money on the stock market. Marx defended his investments, arguing that he was simply trying to make a living and that he was not exploiting anyone.
The New York stock exchange crashed on October 29, 1929 (known as Black Tuesday). Two months earlier, in August, the price of shares had been at its peak.
On Black Tuesday about 16 million shares were traded on the New York Stock Exchange as the panicking people sold their shares, a record that stood for almost 40 years. A total of $30 billion was lost over two days.
American businesswoman Muriel Siebert was the first woman to own a seat on the New York Stock Exchange, and the first woman to head one of the NYSE's member firms. She joined the 1,365 male members of the exchange on December 28, 1967.
NASDAQ was founded on February 8, 1971 by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD). When the NASDAQ began trading on February 8, 1971, it was the world's first electronic stock market. (NASDAQ stands for National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations).
NASDAQ was founded on February 8, 1971 by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD). When the NASDAQ began trading on February 8, 1971, it was the world's first electronic stock market. (NASDAQ stands for National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations).
In 1987, a squirrel chewed through a power line near NASDAQ’s computer center and shut trading down for 87 minutes. Another squirrel repeated the event in 1994, shutting trading down for 34 minutes.
The National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), which divested itself of NASDAQ in a series of sales in 2000 and 2001.
As of 2015, there are a total of 60 stock exchanges in the world with a total market capitalization of $69 trillion.
The New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street in New York City, the world's largest stock exchange per total market capitalization of its listed companies.
George Floyd - a 46-year-old black man from Minneapolis, Minnesota died after a white police officer, Derek Chauvin, knelt on Floyd's neck for more than eight minutes. He was laid to rest in a grave next to his mother’s on June 9, 2020. As the service began, the New York Stock Exchange went silent for eight minutes, 46 seconds — the length of time Chauvin held his knee on Floyd’s neck. It was the longest moment of silence on the stock exchange floor in its 228-year history.
Source Daily Mail
The National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), which divested itself of NASDAQ in a series of sales in 2000 and 2001.
As of 2015, there are a total of 60 stock exchanges in the world with a total market capitalization of $69 trillion.
The New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street in New York City, the world's largest stock exchange per total market capitalization of its listed companies.
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| The floor of the New York Stock Exchange. By Kevin Hutchinson - Flickr, |
George Floyd - a 46-year-old black man from Minneapolis, Minnesota died after a white police officer, Derek Chauvin, knelt on Floyd's neck for more than eight minutes. He was laid to rest in a grave next to his mother’s on June 9, 2020. As the service began, the New York Stock Exchange went silent for eight minutes, 46 seconds — the length of time Chauvin held his knee on Floyd’s neck. It was the longest moment of silence on the stock exchange floor in its 228-year history.
Source Daily Mail
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