A video recorder is a device that, when linked to a television set, can be used for recording on and playing videotapes.
Video recording dates back to 1927, when John Logie Baird used wax discs.
Bing Crosby was heavily involved in the initial development of both audio and videotape recording in the late 1940s and early 1950s. He funded an electronics lab, to develop audio and video recording primarily for use on his own television and radio projects.
The first video recorder was demonstrated at Bing Crosby Enterprises in Beverly Hills, California in 1952.
Ampex introduced the Quadruplex videotape professional broadcast standard format with its Ampex VRX-1000 in 1956. It was the size of a large freezer.
The Ampex VRX-100 became the world's first commercially successful videotape recorder using two-inch (5.1 cm) wide tape. it quickly obscuring Crosby's early videotape format
The half-inch tape Sony model CV-2000, first marketed in 1965, was their first Videotape recorder intended for home use.
In 1970, Philips developed a home video cassette format which was made available on the consumer market in 1972. Philips named this format "Video Cassette Recording". It used square cassettes and half-inch (1.3 cm) tape, mounted on coaxial reels, giving a recording time of one hour.
Philips' first mass-market video cassette recorder, available in the United Kingdom in 1972 cost nearly £600.
June 7th is Betamax Day, marking Sony's introduction of their first videocassette recorder on this date in 1975. It sold for $995.
The VHS (Video Home System) was created in 1976 by the Victor Company of Japan (also called JVC).
In the 1980s, VHS was involved in a format war with Sony's Betamax. Betamax's smaller-sized cassettes were not able to contain as much magnetic tape as VHS cassettes. This meant that Sony had to slow the tape speed down to 0.787 ips (Beta II) in order to reach two hours of video recording in the same cassette size. This meant that the television picture produced by a Betamax tape was worse than VHS when comparing two-hour recordings, so consumers preferred the VHS-format VCRs. Sony eventually released a longer Betamax cassette called Beta III which allowed NTSC Betamax to record more than two hours, but by then VHS had already won the format war.
Videocassette recorders at first were mainly used to record programs from television broadcasts. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, many people used VCRs to record their favorite television shows to watch them later.
In 1975 Marion Stokes, a Philadelphia woman got a Betamax magnetic videotape recorder and began recording bits of sitcoms, science documentaries, and political news coverage. From the outset of the Iran Hostage Crisis on November 4, 1979, she began taping whatever was on television and didn't stop until her death in 2012. The 71,000 VHS and Betamax tapes she made are the most complete collection preserving this era of TV.
In the early 1980s film companies tried to make it illegal due to the possibility of recording copyrighted material, in a case which reached the Supreme Court. The head of the MPAA compared the effect of the VCR on television to that of the Boston Strangler on women.
In 1984 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that using a home video recorder to tape movies and television shows for non-commercial purposes did not violate federal copyright law. The decision paved the way for an explosion of the technology in American homes.
By the mid-1980s, VCRs had become a very popular way for people to watch movies on their home television. Video rental stores opened up offering a large selection of films recorded on VHS tapes that customers could rent.
The first Blockbuster video-rental store opened, in Dallas, Texas on October 19, 1985 and by 1989, a new blockbuster store was opening in the United States every 17 hours.
By 1995, the Blockbuster video rental chain had more than 4,500 stores. The company made $785 million in profits on $2.4 billion in revenues: a profit margin of over 30 percent. Much of this profit came from "late fees" on overdue rentals.
At its peak in 2004, Blockbuster employed 84,300 people worldwide and had 9,094 stores in total, with more than 4,500 of these in the US.
Blockbuster began to lose significant revenue during the 2000s, and the company filed for bankruptcy on September 23, 2010. On April 6, 2011, Blockbuster and its remaining 1,700 stores were bought by the satellite television company Dish Network. The stores remained open until Dish closed all company-owned locations in 2013.
Family Video still operates over 500 stores in Canada and the USA. They own the real estate where their stores are located and they own all of the media they rent out so they keep all of the profits. This is why they were able to outlast other video rental businesses like Blockbuster.
In the late 1990s and throughout the 2000s, the DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) player replaced the VCR as the most common way to watch movies on a home television. The DVD and Blu-ray became more popular as they are easier to use, the quality is higher, they last longer, and the discs and players are cheaper to make.
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| Video-cassette player model LG-C240M |
Video recording dates back to 1927, when John Logie Baird used wax discs.
Bing Crosby was heavily involved in the initial development of both audio and videotape recording in the late 1940s and early 1950s. He funded an electronics lab, to develop audio and video recording primarily for use on his own television and radio projects.
The first video recorder was demonstrated at Bing Crosby Enterprises in Beverly Hills, California in 1952.
Ampex introduced the Quadruplex videotape professional broadcast standard format with its Ampex VRX-1000 in 1956. It was the size of a large freezer.
The Ampex VRX-100 became the world's first commercially successful videotape recorder using two-inch (5.1 cm) wide tape. it quickly obscuring Crosby's early videotape format
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| Ampex VRX-1000 - the first video tape |
The half-inch tape Sony model CV-2000, first marketed in 1965, was their first Videotape recorder intended for home use.
In 1970, Philips developed a home video cassette format which was made available on the consumer market in 1972. Philips named this format "Video Cassette Recording". It used square cassettes and half-inch (1.3 cm) tape, mounted on coaxial reels, giving a recording time of one hour.
Philips' first mass-market video cassette recorder, available in the United Kingdom in 1972 cost nearly £600.
June 7th is Betamax Day, marking Sony's introduction of their first videocassette recorder on this date in 1975. It sold for $995.
The VHS (Video Home System) was created in 1976 by the Victor Company of Japan (also called JVC).
In the 1980s, VHS was involved in a format war with Sony's Betamax. Betamax's smaller-sized cassettes were not able to contain as much magnetic tape as VHS cassettes. This meant that Sony had to slow the tape speed down to 0.787 ips (Beta II) in order to reach two hours of video recording in the same cassette size. This meant that the television picture produced by a Betamax tape was worse than VHS when comparing two-hour recordings, so consumers preferred the VHS-format VCRs. Sony eventually released a longer Betamax cassette called Beta III which allowed NTSC Betamax to record more than two hours, but by then VHS had already won the format war.
Videocassette recorders at first were mainly used to record programs from television broadcasts. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, many people used VCRs to record their favorite television shows to watch them later.
In 1975 Marion Stokes, a Philadelphia woman got a Betamax magnetic videotape recorder and began recording bits of sitcoms, science documentaries, and political news coverage. From the outset of the Iran Hostage Crisis on November 4, 1979, she began taping whatever was on television and didn't stop until her death in 2012. The 71,000 VHS and Betamax tapes she made are the most complete collection preserving this era of TV.
In the early 1980s film companies tried to make it illegal due to the possibility of recording copyrighted material, in a case which reached the Supreme Court. The head of the MPAA compared the effect of the VCR on television to that of the Boston Strangler on women.
In 1984 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that using a home video recorder to tape movies and television shows for non-commercial purposes did not violate federal copyright law. The decision paved the way for an explosion of the technology in American homes.
By the mid-1980s, VCRs had become a very popular way for people to watch movies on their home television. Video rental stores opened up offering a large selection of films recorded on VHS tapes that customers could rent.
The first Blockbuster video-rental store opened, in Dallas, Texas on October 19, 1985 and by 1989, a new blockbuster store was opening in the United States every 17 hours.
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| A Blockbuster store in Durham, North Carolina By Ildar Sagdejev (Specious) |
By 1995, the Blockbuster video rental chain had more than 4,500 stores. The company made $785 million in profits on $2.4 billion in revenues: a profit margin of over 30 percent. Much of this profit came from "late fees" on overdue rentals.
At its peak in 2004, Blockbuster employed 84,300 people worldwide and had 9,094 stores in total, with more than 4,500 of these in the US.
Blockbuster began to lose significant revenue during the 2000s, and the company filed for bankruptcy on September 23, 2010. On April 6, 2011, Blockbuster and its remaining 1,700 stores were bought by the satellite television company Dish Network. The stores remained open until Dish closed all company-owned locations in 2013.
Family Video still operates over 500 stores in Canada and the USA. They own the real estate where their stores are located and they own all of the media they rent out so they keep all of the profits. This is why they were able to outlast other video rental businesses like Blockbuster.
In the late 1990s and throughout the 2000s, the DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) player replaced the VCR as the most common way to watch movies on a home television. The DVD and Blu-ray became more popular as they are easier to use, the quality is higher, they last longer, and the discs and players are cheaper to make.
2006 marked the end of the VHS era with the release of A History of Violence, the last VHS release for a major Hollywood film.
Consumer digital video recorders ReplayTV and TiVo were launched at the 1999 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Nevada.
In contrast to VCRs, hard-disk based digital video recorders make "time shifting" more convenient and also allow for functions such as pausing live television, instant replay, viewing a recording before it has been completed and skipping over advertising during playback.
Consumer digital video recorders ReplayTV and TiVo were launched at the 1999 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Nevada.
In contrast to VCRs, hard-disk based digital video recorders make "time shifting" more convenient and also allow for functions such as pausing live television, instant replay, viewing a recording before it has been completed and skipping over advertising during playback.
The world's last VHS player was made in June 2016 by Japan's Funai Electric.
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