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Sunday 28 December 2014

Element

A chemical element is a substance that contains only one type of atom.

118 different chemical elements are known to modern chemistry. 92 of these elements can be found in nature, and the others can only be made in laboratories.

English scientist John Dalton begun using symbols to represent the atoms of different elements on September 6, 1803.

The Periodic Table of the elements was invented and arranged by the Russian chemist Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev (1834-1907).

Scottish chemist William Ramsay (1852-1916) discovered four elements, argon, neon, krypton, and xenon, and showed that they belong to a family of elements now called the noble gases.

The first man-made element was Technetium, in 1937.

The last element first discovered in nature, rather than by synthesis, was francium. The French physicist Marguerite Perey discovered it on January 7, 1939 in France (hence the name).

The element Einsteinium-253 was discovered in 1952 and named after Albert Einstein. Einsteinium-253 does not occur in nature, but was first found in the nuclear fallout from an early hydrogen bomb test explosion in the South Pacific. It was found later in coral gathered in the area.

The extremely radioactive synthetic chemical element Nihonium was first created in 2004 by a team of Japanese scientists at Riken in Wakō, Japan. The name nihonium was suggested and approved in 2016. The discoverers expressed hope that this honour would help the country's trust in science recover after the meltdown of the reactor at Fukushima, which uses uranium as fuel.

California is the only U.S. state to have a chemical element named after it. "Californium" is a radioactive rare earth metal and a biological hazard.

While there are multiple elements named after countries (Americium, Francium, Germanium, Polonium.. ) there is only one country named after an element. 'Argentina' is derived from 'Argentum' the Latin name for Silver. The symbol for Silver is Ag.

The chemical element Berkelium is named after the University of California, Berkeley, which is named after the city of Berkeley, which is named after the philosopher George Berkeley, who, ironically, believed that the physical world does not actually exist.

Astatine is the rarest naturally-occurring element on Earth - it's so rare there's only one ounce of it in the world and it's radioactive.  In its most stable form - astatine-210 - it's got a half-life of just 8.1 hours,
A sample of the pure element can't be assembled as it would be instantly vaporized by the heat of its own radioactivity! ( Astatos is Greek word for 'unstable' ).

Eight elements were first isolated from rocks quarried in a the small village of Ytterby in Sweden. Four of those elements are named in tribute to the village (ytterbium, erbium, terbium, yttrium). In addition, scandium (Sc) and three other lanthanides—holmium, thulium and gadolinium —can trace their discovery to the quarry.

Ytterby Quarry By Svens Welt

The letter J does not appear anywhere on the Periodic Table.

The human body is made up of 26 elements.

A metalloid is a chemical element that has properties in between those of metals and nonmetals. The six commonly recognised metalloids are boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony and tellurium . Elements less commonly recognized as metalloids include carbonaluminium, selenium, polonium and astatine. 

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