Terrorism is the systematic violence in the furtherance of political financial, religious or ideological aims.
The terms "terrorist" and "terrorism" originated during the French Revolution and was first used in 1794 by the French philosopher François-Noël Babeuf, when he denounced Maximilien Robespierre's Jacobin regime as a dictatorship.
The modern tactic of terrorism can be traced back to the Jewish Sicarii Zealots who in the decades preceding Jerusalem's destruction in 70 AD, attacked Roman and Hebrew Roman sympathizers in Palestine. Its development can then be followed from the Persian Islamic sect Order of Assassins, who flourished 1000 to 1275 AD through to 19th-century anarchists.
The 19th century nihilist anarchist movement was the basis of much revolutionary terrorism in 19th century Russia. The nihilist movement was crushed after Czar Alexander II was assassinated in March 1881 by bombs thrown by a "People's Will" (Narodnaya volya) nihilist terrorist beneath his carriage in St Petersburg.
A Boeing 247 operated by United Air Lines exploded mid-flight and crashed near Chesterton, Indiana in 1933. The crash killed all seven people aboard, including four passengers and three crew members. Investigators concluded that a bomb caused the explosion, making this the first proven act of air sabotage in the history of commercial aviation. No suspect has ever been identified or charged in the incident.
The terms terrorist and terrorism gained mainstream popularity after the 1983 United States Embassy Bombing in Beirut, Lebanon which killed 307 people (mainly U.S. and French peacekeepers).
In 1984 followers of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh deliberately contaminated salad bars in The Dalles, Oregon with salmonella, the first and single largest bioterrorist attack in United States history.
The conspirators of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing were caught when one of them tried to reclaim his deposit on the rental van they used to carry the bomb into the parking garage.
The Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations was responsible for the bombing of Cubana Flight 455 on October 6, 1976. All 73 people on board the Douglas DC-8 aircraft were killed including the entire Cuban National Fencing team. It was the worst incident of aviation terrorism in the western hemisphere before 9/11.
The September 11, 2001 were four simultaneous terrorist attacks perpetuated by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda on Tuesday, September 11, 2001. Four groups of terrorists, each with a trained pilot, captured airplanes and flew them into the World Trade Center's twin towers in New York City, and the Pentagon. 2,996 people died in the attacks, the worst incident of aviation terrorism in world history.
On December 22, 2001, Richard Reid, a British passenger on an American Airlines flight from Paris to Miami, tried to blow up the plane with a bomb in his shoes. Fortunately the fuse, disguised as a lace, was too wet to light.
The terms "terrorist" and "terrorism" originated during the French Revolution and was first used in 1794 by the French philosopher François-Noël Babeuf, when he denounced Maximilien Robespierre's Jacobin regime as a dictatorship.
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| Napoléon Bonaparte quelling the 5 October 1795 royalist rebellion in Paris, |
The modern tactic of terrorism can be traced back to the Jewish Sicarii Zealots who in the decades preceding Jerusalem's destruction in 70 AD, attacked Roman and Hebrew Roman sympathizers in Palestine. Its development can then be followed from the Persian Islamic sect Order of Assassins, who flourished 1000 to 1275 AD through to 19th-century anarchists.
The 19th century nihilist anarchist movement was the basis of much revolutionary terrorism in 19th century Russia. The nihilist movement was crushed after Czar Alexander II was assassinated in March 1881 by bombs thrown by a "People's Will" (Narodnaya volya) nihilist terrorist beneath his carriage in St Petersburg.
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| The assassination of Alexander II, drawing by G. Broling, 1881 |
A Boeing 247 operated by United Air Lines exploded mid-flight and crashed near Chesterton, Indiana in 1933. The crash killed all seven people aboard, including four passengers and three crew members. Investigators concluded that a bomb caused the explosion, making this the first proven act of air sabotage in the history of commercial aviation. No suspect has ever been identified or charged in the incident.
The terms terrorist and terrorism gained mainstream popularity after the 1983 United States Embassy Bombing in Beirut, Lebanon which killed 307 people (mainly U.S. and French peacekeepers).
In 1984 followers of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh deliberately contaminated salad bars in The Dalles, Oregon with salmonella, the first and single largest bioterrorist attack in United States history.
The conspirators of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing were caught when one of them tried to reclaim his deposit on the rental van they used to carry the bomb into the parking garage.
The Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations was responsible for the bombing of Cubana Flight 455 on October 6, 1976. All 73 people on board the Douglas DC-8 aircraft were killed including the entire Cuban National Fencing team. It was the worst incident of aviation terrorism in the western hemisphere before 9/11.
The September 11, 2001 were four simultaneous terrorist attacks perpetuated by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda on Tuesday, September 11, 2001. Four groups of terrorists, each with a trained pilot, captured airplanes and flew them into the World Trade Center's twin towers in New York City, and the Pentagon. 2,996 people died in the attacks, the worst incident of aviation terrorism in world history.
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| Flickr user TheMachineStops (Robert J. Fisch) |
On December 22, 2001, Richard Reid, a British passenger on an American Airlines flight from Paris to Miami, tried to blow up the plane with a bomb in his shoes. Fortunately the fuse, disguised as a lace, was too wet to light.
On July 18, 2012, a suicide bomber attacked an Israeli tour bus at Burgas Airport in Bulgaria, killing five Israelis and their Bulgarian driver. The attack was carried out by a Lebanese-French dual national named Mohamad Hassan El-Husseini, who was a member of Hezbollah's military wing. The attack was condemned by governments and supranational organizations worldwide. In 2013, and partly in response to the bombing, the European Union unanimously voted to list the military branch of Hezbollah as a terrorist organization.
In the early hours of June 12, 2016 shooter Omar Mateen opened fire on the patrons at Pulse Nightclub, a gay nightclub in Orlando, Florida. Police later revealed that Mateen had pledged allegiance to the Islamic State. Forty-nine people were killed in the attack and another 53 were wounded. This shooting became the deadliest mass shooting by a single terrorist shooter in U.S. history.
The Orlando lone gunman slaughter was surpassed the following year by the Las Vegas shooting when Stephen Paddock opened fire on concert-goers at the Route 91 Harvest from his suite at the nearby Mandalay Bay hotel, killing 58. However, his motive remains unclear, and there appears to have been no connection between Paddock and any terrorist organization.
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