Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Balkan Peninsula and bordered by Croatia to the north, west, and south; Serbia to the east; and Montenegro to the southeast. It has a small coastline on the Adriatic Sea.

Bosnia and Herzegovina has a rich history and culture, dating back to the Neolithic period. The country was ruled by the Roman Empire for over four centuries, from the 1st century AD to the 5th century AD. During this time, the Romans built many roads, bridges, and other infrastructure projects in Bosnia and Herzegovina. They also introduced Christianity to the region.

Stephen Tvrtko I (1338 – 1391) was crowned first King of Bosnia on October 27, 1377. Under his command Bosnia became the strongest power in the Balkans, conquering parts of what is today Serbia, Croatia and Montenegro.

Bosnia and Herzegovina was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the 15th century. Later, at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, Austria-Hungary was given a mandate to administer Bosnia and Herzegovina.

When Austria-Hungary announced the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina on October 8, 1908, it caused a crisis that permanently damaged the country's relations with the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Serbia.

After the Second World War, Yugoslavia became the Federal Peoples' Republic of Yugoslavia and Bosnia became an independent republic within it. Bosnia and Herzegovina declared its independence from Yugoslavia on March 1, 1992 following a referendum.

The declaration of independence was not recognized by the government of Yugoslavia, which led to a military conflict between the Yugoslav People's Army and the newly formed Bosnian government. This conflict eventually escalated into the Bosnian War, which lasted from 1992 to 1995 and resulted in the deaths of an estimated 100,000 people.

The three main ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina are Bosniak, Serb and Croat. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the distinction between a Bosnian and a Herzegovinian is maintained as a regional, not an ethnic, distinction.

Along with a national government, Bosnia and Herzegovina has a second tier of government - the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska, which deals with internal affairs.

Tuzla is the economic, scientific, cultural, educational, health and tourist centre of northeast Bosnia. It derives its name from the word "tuz", the Turkish word for salt. Tuzla's salt comes from its salt water springs.

The official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina are Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian.

Majority of the population in Bosnia and Herzegovina comprises of Muslims, followed by Orthodox, Catholics, Protestants and others.

Bosnia and Herzegovina has a population of approximately 3.428 million people (2023 est.). The capital city is Sarajevo, which has a population of approximately 275,524 people (2023 est.).

Sarajevo is home to many historical and cultural landmarks, including the Old Town, the Baščaršija market, and the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque. Sarajevo is also a popular destination for skiing and snowboarding in the winter, and hiking and biking in the summer.

The currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina is Marka.

Source Lifestyle.iloveindia.com
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